abstinence:
nonuse of a specific substance. abuse: harmful use of a specific substance.
addiction:
a disease
process characterized by the continued use of a specific psychoactive substance
despite physical, psychological, or social harm.
AIDS:
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A disease characterized by opportunistic
infections (e.g., Pneumocystis cannii pneumonia, candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma)
in persons whose immune systems are weakened; caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and transmitted by exchange of body fluids.
at risk:
term used to identify individuals based upon a composite profile of various
risk factors.
case
manager: one who defines, initiates, and monitors the medical, substance abuse
treatment, psychosocial, and social services provided for the client and her
family.
cross
training: to be
trained in several disciplines to facilitate broader coverage in a treatment
unit.
dependence:
abuse of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs, such that to stop using would result
in physical and/or psychological symptoms of withdrawal.
dual
disorders: denotes the coexistence of two independent, but invariably
interactive disorders.
early intervention: a strategy to identify problems early
in the development cycle, to minimize risk factors, and to prevent progression
to more serious problems.
epidemiology: the study of the relationship between
various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in
human and other animal populations.
fetal alcohol effects (FAE): diagnosis given to a child who
shows signs of prenatal exposure to alcohol but who does not meet all the
criteria for an FAS diagnosis.
fetal alcohol syndrome
(FAS): a syndrome
caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol through maternal use. Characterized by
small head size, mental retardation, heart or other organ defects, and facial
features including small eyes, drooping eyelids, flat midface, and a simple
philtrum (underdevelopment or absence. of the indentation in the upper lip).
gonorrhea: a sexually
transmitted disease manifested by an inflammation of the genital mucous
membrane.
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. Retroviruses that become incorporated into
host cell DNA and result in a wide range of clinical presentations varying from
asymptomatic carrier states to severely debilitating and fatal disorders. AIDS
is a secondary immunodeficiency syndrome resulting from HIV infection and
characterized by opportunistic infections, malignancies, neurologic
dysfunction, and a variety of other syndromes. incidence: the number of new
cases within a particular period of time.
maternal alcohol and other drug use/abuse: use or abuse of drugs or alcohol by a
woman during pregnancy.
morbidity: pertaining to severe illness.
mortality:
pertaining to death.
perinatal: clinical definition-the period from
the 20th-28th weeks of pregnancy through four weeks after birth. Program
definition (e.g. Healthy Start)-the period from conception through the first
year of life.
polydrug
use: use of multiple
drugs.
postneonatal: the period from six weeks after birth
to the end of the first year of life.
postpartum: the period after childbirth (up to a
few weeks); usually refers to the mother.
prenatal care: refers to health promotion, risk assessment,
and intervention linked to the risks and conditions uncovered. Prenatal care
begins when conception is first considered and continues until labor begins.
prevalence:
the total number of
cases at a particular point in time.
problem use: use of alcohol, tobacco, or other
drugs that does not fit the criteria for abuse or dependence, but that does
bear significant risks.
psychotropic: pertaining
to drugs used in treatment of mental illness; affecting the mind.
recovery: a process that supports abstinence from alcohol and/or other drug
use, involves changes in social, physical, and psychological functioning, and
that may or may not have an end.
relapse: is any occasion
of alcohol or other drug use by a recovering person when such use violates
her/his own prior commitment to recovery.
resiliency: the ability to withstand or minimize the effects of an illness,
exposure to alcohol and other drugs, continued use or abuse of alcohol and
other drugs, or to social and environmental factors contributing to such
conditions.
risk: the association between an exposure and the likelihood of an outcome or
effect.
service delivery system: the full continuum of health and other care providers,
alcohol and other drug prevention and treatment providers, and public and
community-based organizations involved in providing services to women,
children, and families.
stabilization:
the accomplishment
of a steady, nonvarying physical state.
STD: sexually transmitted
disease; venereal disease. Any of several diseases that can be contracted
through sexual intercourse, for example, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection,
herpes, syphilis, genital warts, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
syndrome: the combination of signs and symptoms associated with any morbid
process, which together constitute the picture of the disease.
syphilis: a chronic, contagious, often congenital, sexually transmitted
venereal disease caused by a spirochete. If left untreated, it will usually
progress through three stages of increasing severity over many years and may
eventually lead to death.
treatment: a broad range of services for persons who have abused alcohol
and/or other drugs; may include detoxification, inpatient or outpatient care
and counseling, methadone maintenance, rehabilitation, and long-term residence
in supervised housing.
